Becoming a U.S. citizen is a significant milestone that symbolizes full participation in American life. For many lawful permanent residents, the path to citizenship represents years of dedication and hard work. However, the naturalization process can be complex, involving forms, interviews, and exams that assess both knowledge and communication skills. As each applicant’s situation is unique, it is always best to seek advice and guidance from an experienced immigration attorney to ensure the process goes smoothly and that all requirements are properly met.
An Overview of the N-400 Naturalization Process and Tests Required
The process to become a U.S. citizen officially begins when a lawful permanent resident files the Form N-400, Application for Naturalization through the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The U.S. citizenship tests are a central part of the naturalization process. After filing for naturalization, applicants must attend a biometrics appointment, complete an interview, and pass two exams: an English language test and a civics test. After passing as criteria, the final step is taking the Oath of Allegiance to the United States. As there are many steps in the legal process, the time it takes to get citizenship can vary. It is important to keep your contact information current and promptly respond to all USCIS correspondence while your application is processing.
The English Language Test for Citizenship
The English test measures an applicant’s ability to speak, read, and write basic English. During the interview, a USCIS officer will evaluate speaking ability by asking questions about the applicant’s background and N-400 form responses.
The reading portion of the test requires the applicant to correctly read one of three sentences aloud, while the writing portion involves writing one of three dictated sentences correctly. The purpose of this section is not to test advanced grammar or vocabulary, but to ensure the applicant can communicate effectively in everyday social situations.
Certain applicants are exempt from the English language requirement based on age and length of permanent residency. For example, individuals age 50 years or older who have lived in the United States as permanent residents for at least 20 years, or those 55 or older with at least 15 years of residency, can choose to take the civics test in their native language instead.
The American Civics Test for Citizenship
Additionally, an applicant must also pass a Civics test. The civics test evaluates the applicant’s understanding of American history, government, and the principles of democracy. As of 2025, the test consists of 100 possible questions, and the immigration officer will ask up to 10 questions during the interview. The applicant must answer at least six correctly to pass.
Applicants who are 65 years or older and have been permanent residents for at least 20 years can qualify for a simplified version of the civics test, which covers fewer questions and can be taken in their native language.
If an applicant has a medical condition, learning disability, or other factor that affects their ability to take the test, USCIS may grant an exemption or provide special accommodation with proper documentation. Consulting with an immigration attorney can help determine eligibility and receive these exceptions.
What If You Fail a Test Needed for Naturalization?
While failing the citizenship test can be discouraging, it is not the end of the process. USCIS automatically provides a second opportunity to retake the portion of the test that was not passed, usually within 60 to 90 days. Most applicants who do not pass the first time are successful on their second attempt and go on to become U.S. citizens.
Contact Aspire Immigration for Help with the U.S. Citizenship Process
Passing the U.S. citizenship tests represents the ultimate step toward achieving the American dream. If you or a loved one is applying for U.S. citizenship or have concerns about the English or civics test, an experienced immigration attorney can help you understand your options, identify exemptions, and guide you through each step of the naturalization process.
At Aspire Immigration, our legal team is dedicated to helping immigrants achieve their citizenship goals with confidence and peace of mind. Contact our immigration law firm today to schedule a consultation and take the next step toward becoming a United States citizen.
